Category Archives: Blog

Red Team Revelations: Exposing and Addressing Vulnerabilities in Ivanti Workspace Control

In this blogpost I explain how me and my colleagues found two vulnerabilities during one of our Red Team engagements which allowed us to elevate our privileges and lateral move in the client’s network. It explains the vulnerabilities, and defensive and mitigating advice. 

It was a Red Team with an assumed compromise scenario where we entered the network through a VPN and had RDP access to one machine. From here we were very limited in the network. It was a small network with no significant misconfigurations in Active Directory, with no possibility to escalate our privileges. The customer did strict network segmentation which limited us from reaching other hosts in the network but a few. We started enumerating the few network shares that we did have access to and this is were it gets interesting. We found the installer for Ivanti Workspace Control 10.5.50.0 and a file called ‘WMDBConn.txt’.

Ivanti Workspace Control is a software solution that centralises the management of user workspaces across various platforms and devices. It allows IT administrators to control applications, user settings, and security policies to ensure consistent user experiences and optimise resource use. Continue reading →

Decrypting OpenSSH sessions for fun and profit

This is a copy of the original article for archival purposes: https://blog.fox-it.com/2020/11/11/decrypting-openssh-sessions-for-fun-and-profit/

Introduction

A while ago we had a forensics case in which a Linux server was compromised and a modified OpenSSH binary was loaded into the memory of a webserver. The modified OpenSSH binary was used as a backdoor to the system for the attackers. The customer had pcaps and a hypervisor snapshot of the system on the moment it was compromised. We started wondering if it was possible to decrypt the SSH session and gain knowledge of it by recovering key material from the memory snapshot. In this blogpost I will cover the research I have done into OpenSSH and release some tools to dump OpenSSH session keys from memory and decrypt and parse sessions in combinarion with pcaps. I have also submitted my research to the 2020 Volatility framework plugin contest.

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Reverse engineering and decrypting CyberArk vault credential files

This blog will be a technical deep-dive into CyberArk credential files and how the credentials stored in these files are encrypted and decrypted. I discovered it was possible to reverse engineer the encryption and key generation algorithms and decrypt the encrypted vault password. I also provide a python implementation to decrypt the contents of the files.

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StreamDivert: Relaying (specific) network connections

The first part of this blog will be the story of how this tool found it’s way into existence, the problems we faced and the thought process followed. The second part will be a more technical deep dive into the tool itself, how to use it, and how it works.

Storytime

About 1½ half years ago I did an awesome Red Team like project. The project boils down to the following: Continue reading →

DominantColor: Calculating the dominant color in an image

win7-taskbar-icon-highlight

Taskbaricon mouseover highlight

First things first: Happy new year! I am sure 2016 will be a great year! Next up: DominantColor. It’s a project for calculating the dominant (hue) color in an image.This is something that took some research as I was building JeS Multi-Monitor Suite. The taskbar in Windows 7, 8 and 8.1 implemented a similar feature showing the dominant color as a highlight when you mouseover the taskbar icon. Continue reading →

DevOps! And the road towards it…

DevOps! A must for modern software development, right?! You would expect most companies are already moving towards this new way of working. Why? Because software development needs to be more agile. Say you have a new customer, he wants a demo of your application but he also wants to see that one new feature. The software release that contains that feature is scheduled to be released in 2 months. Though, that specific feature is already “done and ready”. You ask the developers/administrators if they can put together a demo of that feature.. At that moment the devs and administrators are getting nervous. Everyone checks in their code to one single code branch so how are they going to demo that specific feature? Maybe on a laptop of a dev that still has a stable (*kuch* compiling) revision? This is where we have to change the way we develop software. 
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Yara.NET – A .NET wrapper around Yara

Today I publish Yara.NET – A C++/CLI .NET wrapper around the Yara 3.4.0 library. It enables you to use all the Yara functionality that the native C lib exposes in .NET! Yara.NET API was inspired by the Python API and has thus a somewhat similar API. Why is it built in C++/CLI and not C#? Because building a wrapper library in C# around a native library is a pain compared to using C++/CLI. Using C++/CLI you can link directly against the native lib and use all of the existing header files without the need to redefine every function using PInvoke..

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.NET, PInvoke and memory corruption

Screenshot 2013-10-26 11.23.38

Figure 1, .NET Pinvoke memory corruption

Today I ran into some old screenshots of a problem I was having in 2013. Interesting problem! I was trying retrieve a piece of data that was located in another process memory space using the ReadProcessMemory API. I defined the API using PInvoke(Platform Invoke), a technique used to call native functions from .NET. The issue I was having was that only under Windows 8 I was getting a NullReferenceException and initially I had no clue why. Continue reading →